|
The Patriarch of Alexandria is the archbishop of Alexandria and Cairo, Egypt. Historically, this office has included the designation pope (etymologically "Father", like "Abbot"). The first bishop known to be called "Pope" was the thirteenth Patriarch of Alexandria, Papas Heraclas.〔History of the Coptic Church By Iris Habib Elmasry〕 The Alexandrian episcopate was revered as one of the three major Christian sees (along with Rome and Antioch) before Constantinople or Jerusalem were granted similar status (in 381 and 451, respectively). In the sixth century, these five archbishops were formally granted the title of patriarch and were subsequently known as the Pentarchy. Alexandria was elevated to ''de facto'' archiepiscopal status by the Alexandrine Council, and this status was ratified by Canon Six of the First Ecumenical Council, which stipulated that all the Egyptian episcopal provinces were subject to the metropolitan see of Alexandria (already the prevailing custom). "Papa" has been the designation for the Archbishop of Alexandria and Patriarch of Africa in the See of Saint Mark. This office has historically held the title of Pope—"Παπας" (''papas''), which means "Father" in Greek and Coptic—since Pope Heracleus, the 13th Alexandrine Bishop (227–240 AD), was the first to associate "Pope" with the title of the Bishop of Alexandria. The word ''pope'' derives from the Greek πάππας, meaning "Father". In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied informally (especially in the east) to all bishops and other senior clergy. In the west it began to be used particularly for the Bishop of Rome (rather than for bishops in general) in the sixth century; in 1075, Pope Gregory VII issued a declaration widely interpreted as stating this by-then-established convention.〔(Thomas H. Greer, Gavin Lewis, ''A Brief History of the Western World'' (Cengage Learning 2004 ISBN 9780534642365), p. 172 )〕〔(Enrico Mazza, ''The Eucharistic Prayers of the Roman Rite'' (Liturgical Press 2004 ISBN 9780814660782), p. 63 )〕〔(John W. O'Malley, ''A History of the Popes'' (Government Institutes 2009 ISBN 9781580512275), p. xv )〕〔(Klaus Schatz, ''Papal Primacy'' (Liturgical Press 1996 ISBN 9780814655221), pp. 28–29 )〕 By the sixth century, this was also the normal practice in the imperial chancery of Constantinople.〔 The earliest record of this title was regarding Pope Heraclas of Alexandria (227–240) in a letter written by his successor, Pope Dionysius of Alexandria, to Philemon (a Roman presbyter): This is translated: According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest recorded use of "pope" in English is in an Old English translation (''c''. 950) of Bede's ''Ecclesiastical History of the English People'': In modern English: According to church tradition, the patriarchate was founded in AD 42 by Mark the Evangelist. All churches acknowledge the succession of church leaders until the time of the monophysite Second Council of Ephesus (the so-called "Robber Council") of 449 and the orthodox Council of Chalcedon in 451, which gave rise to the non-Chalcedonian (miaphysite-monophysite) Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and the Chalcedonian Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria. == Claimants to the title== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Patriarch of Alexandria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|